He has been a professor at the Woodrow Wilson Center in Washington, at Columbia University – New York, at the Center for Hemisferic Defense Studies at the United States National Defense University, at the Center for North American Studies at the School of Service International at the American University in Washington, DC, at the Ibero-American University of the Autonomous Technological Institute of Mexico, at the Center for Naval Higher Studies of the National Defense College, and at the National Institute of Public Administration.