Evolution of Peruvian National Security and Defense in Interaction with the United States
The objective is to analyze the incidence of the relationship between Peru and the United States (U.S.) in National Security and Defense. Peruvian policies in these areas are discussed with the U.S. The methodology used comes from the social sciences, adopting a long-term perspective. It is argued that, in order to develop national interests and objectives, managers and members of the political community must consider the geopolitics of international relations, as well as make an adequate assessment of the presence of hegemonic states and the decision margins that countries with less strategic weight can develop. From an academic perspective, it is important to contribute to timely decision-making through research and exposure to public opinion.
Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Defense
As the digital dimension is becoming more deeply integrated into society, it is also becoming more integrated into military operations, as the advance of various threats and vulnerabilities in cyberspace is identified, which, if not managed, can compromise a country’s critical assets. Given this scenario, the adoption of emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), is presented as a strategic element for national security from the field of cyber defense. This article explores the impact and potential of AI in cyber defense, highlighting its crucial role in protecting digital assets and strengthening military capabilities in an increasingly digitized world.
Internal Order: Defining the Support of the Armed Forces to the National Police
After a brief description of the concepts of internal order, public order and citizen security, a distinction was made as to their scope, limits, principles and responsible entities. To this end, an exhaustive comparative analysis was made of Legislative Decree 1095, which “establishes rules for the employment and use of force by the Armed Forces in the National Territory, and Legislative Decree 1086, which “regulates the use of force by the National Police of Peru”.
La Rinconada: Zone of Threats and Challenges to National Security
This article comprehensively analyzes the threats to national security in La Rinconada, Puno, focusing on organized crime, informal and illegal mining, environmental contamination and the public health crisis. In this region, various criminal organizations operate, dedicated to gold trafficking, smuggling and transnational crime, consolidating criminal structures with access to weapons and illicit financing. Their territorial control, based on violence and corruption, not only weakens state authority, but also exploits mine workers and monopolizes the illegal trade in inputs.
The Peruvian Space Sector in the New Space Disruption: What are the Opportunities and Challenges for Peruvians in the New Space Age?
The dynamics of New Space offer unprecedented opportunities for countries such as Peru, which have limited economic resources and little experience in the space field. Therefore, it is imperative to establish clear objectives in the framework of a short-, medium- and long-term space policy, in order to maximize the benefits of New Space and face its challenges.
Clausewitz’s War Triad: An Evolving Model for Conflict Analysis
En su libro De la Guerra, Clausewitz reflexiona sobre lo que se ha denominado la tríada, trilogía o trinidad de la guerra. El prusiano presenta una dimensión más amplia de la confrontación que la específicamente militar y enlaza tres elementos: la razón, la voluntad y la pasión, materializados en la política, las fuerzas armadas (el ejército) y la ciudadanía. Así, establece un modelo, una suerte de metodología (que es lo que se pretende rescatar) para analizar conflictos.
The Impact of China’s Growing Influence in Latin America and Peru
The economic growth of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) is undeniable and so is its global influence. The loans and investments that the PRC has been making in various countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean are causing concern among important international players such as the United States because, if the governments of these countries depend excessively on Chinese funds, their political and economic decisions may be strongly influenced by this Asian giant.
Brazilian Defense in The New Geopolitical Geopolitical Scenario: Between Discourse, de Jure Policies and de Facto Policies
By: Karina Furtado Rodrigues and Sandro Teixeira Moita (13/03/2025). This article examines -from four perspectives- Brazil in the framework of the new geopolitical scenario: the first one analyzes how global and regional defense changes and trends affect the country; the second one analyzes the evolution of defense thinking, policies, structure and programs; the third, how this positioning is reflected in documents and in the current context; fourth, what to expect in the coming years based on current trends.
Argentina in The New Geopolitical Scenario: Selective Engagement, Defense and Strategic Positioning
By: Juan Battaleme (06/03/2025). The growing competition between the United States and the People’s Republic of China is affecting the prospects of countries that have a clear role in their respective regions. The foreign and defense policy dynamics in Argentina are an excellent example of this, particularly regarding the South Atlantic. This space considered politically tripartite (as ocean, Malvinas Islands and South Atlantic islands, and Antarctica), requires the search for a coherent defense and foreign policy strategy.
Ideological Radicalization, Organized Crime and National Security: The Intervention of the Armed Forces
By: Miguel A. Gonzales, Oscar L. Calle, Rolando E. Campos and Manolo Eduardo (27/02/25). This article analyzes the impact of ideological radicalization and its convergence with Transnational Organized Crime (TOC) on national security in Peru. Through a descriptive and analytical methodology, it examines the areas most affected by these phenomena, assessing how radical groups and organized crime affect governance and compromise state control over key territories.
